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Diagnosis

Diagnosis

Disease Severity

It is unclear what proportion of infected individuals remain asymptomatic

  • Common

    • Dry cough
    • Fever (may be prolonged (7+ days) and intermittent)
    • Myalgia
    • Headache
    • Dyspnea
    • Sore throat
    • Diarrhea
    • Nausea/vomiting
  • Less Common

    • Loss of smell or taste
    • Abdominal pain
    • Rhinorrhea
    • Conjunctivitis
  • Pneumonia may or may not be present

  • Rashes and skin lesions (particularly toes) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome have been reported in children

  • Dyspnea
  • Hypoxia
  • >50% lung involvement on imaging

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction

Disease Progression and Predictive Features

Chest imaging often shows consolidation, ground-glass opacities, or bilateral infiltrates

Progression to ARDS occurs late in the disease course at a median of 8 days after symptom onset

Features associated with severe illness:

  • Older age
  • Comorbidities: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic lung disease, cancer (particularly hematologic malignancies, lung cancer, and metastatic disease), chronic kidney disease, obesity, and smoking
  • Some laboratory features are associated with severe COVID-19: Lymphocytopenia; elevated D-dimer, CRP, LDH, troponin, ferritin, and CK

Children may have more mild presentations than adults. Severe illness seems uncommon amongst children