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항생제
Acyclovir

Acyclovir

None
Moderate

Spectrum Of Activity

General Spectrum of Activity
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General Information

Therapy for herpesviral infections (HSV and VZV) including encephalitis.

Prophylaxis of herpesviral infections if recurrent disease or immunocompromised.

Follow SCr as appropriate.

Check urine for crystals if AKI suspected.

Common

  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Malaise

Serious

  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Toxic epidermal necrolysis
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • Renal failure
  • Zoster or varicella vaccine- may diminish efficacy
  • OAT1 substrates
  • OAT3 substrates
  • Foscarnet

Antimicrobial class: Antiviral agent, Nucleoside analogue

Pregnancy category: B

Average serum half life: 3 hours

CSF penetration: Therapeutic

Urine penetration: Therapeutic

For oral indications, valacyclovir is the pro-drug, which is more bioavailable with more convenient dosing.

Precautions:

  • Use with caution in patients with underlying neurologic abnormalities, significant hypoxia, or serious renal, hepatic, or electrolyte abnormalities.
  • Risk of impaired renal function is increased in patients with preexisting renal disease and dehydration, and with concomitant use of other nephrotoxic drugs.
  • Precipitation of acyclovir crystals in renal tubules may occur and can result in acute renal failure; accompany administration with adequate hydration.