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항생제
Isoniazid

Isoniazid

Spectrum Of Activity

General Spectrum of Activity
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General Information

First line anti-tuberculosis drug.

  • Active tuberculosis.
  • Active tuberculosis, HIV infection.
  • Inactive tuberculosis.
  • HIV infection, inactive tuberculosis.

Obtain acid-fast bacilli smear and culture from sputum until 2 consecutive culture specimens are negative.

Perform chest x-rays after 2-3 months of treatment and at end of treatment.

Monitor hepatic function, signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and signs of treatment-associated side effects.

Perform ophthalmic examinations if visual symptoms occur.

Common

  • Increased liver enzymes
  • Neuropathy
  • Neurotoxicity

Serious

  • Rash
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Anemia
  • Hepatitis
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Seizure

Monitor when used in combination with drugs at risk of liver damage such as Benzodiazepines and Acetaminophen. Directly observed therapy (DOT) advised for treatment of active TB.

Major drug-drug interactions:

  • Acetaminophen
  • Levodopa
  • Ketoconazole
  • Glimepiride
  • Carbamazepine
  • Tegafur
  • Pexidartinib
  • Bupropion
  • Domperidone
  • Piperaquine
  • Amiodarone
  • Donepezil
  • Amifampridine

Antimicrobial class: Antitubercular, Isonicotinic Acid

Pregnancy category: C

Average serum half life: 0.7-4 hours

CSF penetration: Therapeutic

Precautions:

  • Tyramine and histamine containing foods should be avoided during use.
  • Careful monitoring recommended for HIV seropositive patients; treatment interruption or discontinuation may be required.
  • Careful monitoring recommended for patients with preexisting peripheral neuropathy or conditions predisposing to neuropathy; treatment interruption or discontinuation may be required.
  • Discontinue use for recurrent hypersensitivity reactions.