Patients with urinary catheters develop bacteriuria at a rate of 3-7% per day
At 30 days, all urinary catheters are colonized with bacteria
High rates of bacterial colonization and non-specific signs of infection (such as cognitive or functional changes) make differentiating between asymptomatic bacteriuria and CAUTI challenging
Chenoweth CE, Gould CV, Saint S. Diagnosis, management and prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2014; 28; 105-119.
Flores-Mireles A, Hreha TN, Hunstad DA. Pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2019;25(3):228-240
Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter- associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50: 625-663
Nicolle LE, Catheter associated urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2014; 3:23.
Nicolle LE. Catheter related urinary tract infection: practical management in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 2014; 31: 1-10.
Trautner BW, Grigoryan L, Petersen NJ et al. Effectiveness of an antimicrobial stewardship approach for urinary catheter- associated asymptomatic bacteriuria. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175 (7):1120-1127.