Suspected or proven MRSA, coagulase-negative Staphylococcal infections, Enterococcal spp. infections.
GENERAL MONITORING SCr and urea:
Inpatients: at baseline then twice weekly
Outpatients: at baseline then once weekly
More frequent monitoring may be required if fluctuating renal status or multiple risk factors for nephrotoxicity (e.g. target trough 15-20 mg/L, baseline SCr greater than 100 micromol/L, BMI greater than or equal to 40 kg/m², concurrent nephrotoxins, daily dose greater than 4000 mg, when SCr is a poor indicator of renal function)
Hydration status
VANCOMYCIN TROUGH CONCENTRATION MONITORING To be drawn 30 minutes prior to the next dose once at steady state Repeat concentrations every 5-7 days if hemodynamically stable, concentrations may be required earlier if hemodynamically unstable or BMI greater than 40 kg/m² when total daily dose greater than 4000 mg
Therapeutic drug monitoring NOT required for:
Anticipated short course of therapy (less than 5 days) AND hemodynamically stable
Treating non-Staphylococcal aureus indications EXCEPT in cases of anticipated prolonged therapy (e.g. Enterococcal spp. endocarditis)
Goal Trough 10-20 mg/L if treating:
skin and soft tissue infection
urinary tract infection
bloodstream or line infections due to Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS)
Other infections due to Enterococci spp.
any other infection not specified in goal 15-20 mg/L category
Goal Trough 15-20 mg/L if treating:
any patient on renal replacement therapy or dialysis
deep-seated or sequestered infections (e.g. abscess) and/or invasive infections where antibiotic penetration may be compromised/decreased (e.g. CNS infections, osteomyelitis, empyema etc.)
pneumonia due to MRSA or HAP/VAP (where MRSA suspected or confirmed)
other infections due to S. aureus with vancomycin MIC greater than or equal to 1 mg/L
Nephrotoxicity
Cytopenias
Rash including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Red man syndrome (histamine release- slow down infusion)
Aminoglycosides may potentiate nephrotoxicity.
May enhance neuromuscular blockade of NM blocking agents.
Careful with concomitant nephrotoxins.
Antimicrobial class: Glycopeptide
Pregnancy category: C
Average serum half life: 8 hours
Biliary penetration: Moderate
CSF penetration: Moderate
Lung penetration: Therapeutic
Urine penetration: Therapeutic
Route of Elimination: Renal
Target concentrations vary widely based upon site of infection and organism.
Consult Infectious Diseases or Pharmacy for target recommendations and dosing assistance.