Presence of ANY of the following risk factors for MDR Gram-negative pathogens or poor outcomes:
- Severe sepsis or septic shock
- Prior intravenous antibiotic use within 90 days
- Immunosuppression
- Structural lung disease (e.g., bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
- Hospitalization for greater than or equal to 5 days before VAP onset
- Acute renal replacement therapy before VAP onset
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) before VAP onset
- Colonization or recent prior infection with Pseudomonas spp or other resistant Gram-negative bacilli (e.g., ESBL or AmpC)