Asymptomatic bacteriuria or pyuria (leucocytes in urine) does not need treatment except in risk groups such as pregnant women, patients undergoing urological interventions and post kidney transplant patients

An infection/inflammation involving the bladder, a part of the lower urinary tract. It is a common manifestation of uncomplicated UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) in non-pregnant women.

Uncomplicated cystitis is less common in men and needs to be differentiated from prostatitis and urethritis (sexually transmitted).

• Dysuria (pain and difficulty in passing urine)
• Urgency of passing urine, frequent passing of small amounts of urine
• Suprapubic pain and tenderness
• Pyuria/haematuria (pus/blood in the urine making it cloudy)
• Foul smelling urine
• There may be retention of urine in severe infection

• Midstream urine: urine analysis for protein, blood, leucocytes, nitrates, sediment
• Culture and sensitivity (if resistant/repeated infections)

Symptoms ± leucocytes and/ or nitrates at urine analysis

• Women: vaginitis
• Men: urethritis (in young sexually active patients), prostatitis (fever, chills, malaise, perineal pain, confusion, in older men)