Does not provide adequate systemic concentrations for treatment of systemic infections (i.e urosepsis, pyelonephritis); appropriate for uncomplicated and complicated cystitis.
Reduced efficacy in patients with severe renal impairment.
Contraindicated in infants less than 1 month of age (risk of hemolytic anemia), moderate-severe renal impairment, G-6-PD deficiency.
Do not use near term in pregnancy.